Beginnend mit dem 80286-Prozessor hat Intel die vollständige Bottom-up-Kompatibilität im Befehlssatz beibehalten. Das heißt, wenn einige der Prozessoranweisungen auf 8086 ein solches und ein solches Ergebnis liefern, ist das Ergebnis auf späteren Prozessoren genau das gleiche (jetzt werden Fehler wie falsche Unterteilung in Pentium I nicht berücksichtigt).
Aber ist es? Was für eine Frage! Wenn die Kompatibilität nicht erhalten bleibt, können alte Programme nicht ausgeführt werden, und Sie können sich auf jedem Computer nostalgisch fühlen, wenn Sie Norton Commander oder Tetris ausführen. Allerdings ist nicht alles so einfach ... Ab dem 8080 verfügen Intel-Prozessoren über ein Flag-Register, dessen Status durch das Ergebnis des letzten Datenberechnungsbefehls bestimmt wird. Alle Flags sind schon lange darin beschrieben und ihr Verhalten ist streng festgelegt. Bis auf zwei Ausnahmen.
AF – . . 8- 8080 . 16- x86 – ? Intel – AF . 8080 . 16- AF !
, - ! AF PF !
:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const int min_i = -20, max_i = 50,min_j=-10, max_j = 50;
short int i, j, k, pf;
cout << "Name;i;j;Result;AF;PF;Calculated parity\n";
for (i = min_i; i < max_i; i++) {
for (j = min_j; j < max_j; j++) {
__asm {
mov ax, i
mov dx, j
imul dx
pushf
pop ax
mov k, ax
}
pf = i * j; pf = ((pf >> 7) ^ (pf >> 6) ^ (pf >> 5) ^ (pf >> 4) ^ (pf >> 3) ^ (pf >> 2) ^ (pf >> 1) ^ pf ^ 1) & 1;
cout << "Mul ;" << setw(4) << i << "; " << setw(4) << j << "; " << setw(4) << i * j << "; " << ((k & 0x10) ? "1" : "0") << "; " << ((k & 0x04) ? "1" : "0") << "; " << pf <<"\n";
}
}
for (i = min_i; i < max_i; i++) {
for (j = min_j; j < max_j; j++) {
if (j == 0) continue;
__asm {
mov ax, i
mov cx, j
cwd
idiv cx
pushf
pop ax
mov k, ax
}
pf = i / j; pf = ((pf >> 7) ^ (pf >> 6) ^ (pf >> 5) ^ (pf >> 4) ^ (pf >> 3) ^ (pf >> 2) ^ (pf >> 1) ^ pf ^ 1) & 1;
std::cout << "Div ;" << setw(4) << i << "; " << setw(4) << j << "; " << setw(4) << i / j << "; " << ((k & 0x10) ? "1" : "0") << "; " << ((k & 0x04) ? "1" : "0") << "; " << pf << "\n";
}
}
}
AF PF . ( ) .
16 . :
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Wolfdale |
Sandy Bridge |
Coffee Lake |
AMD |
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Pentium Dual-Core E6600 |
Core i5-2300 |
Xeon E-2278G |
AMD Ryzen 7 2700 |
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i |
j |
Result |
Cal parity |
AF |
PF |
AF |
PF |
AF |
PF |
AF |
PF |
-20 |
-10 |
200 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
-9 |
180 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
-8 |
160 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
-7 |
140 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
-6 |
120 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
-5 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
-4 |
80 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
-3 |
60 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
-2 |
40 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
-1 |
20 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
1 |
-20 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
-20 |
2 |
-40 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
3 |
-60 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
4 |
-80 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
5 |
-100 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
6 |
-120 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
7 |
-140 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
8 |
-160 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
9 |
-180 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
10 |
-200 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
11 |
-220 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
12 |
-240 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
13 |
-260 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
14 |
-280 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
15 |
-300 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
16 |
-320 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
-20 |
17 |
-340 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
18 |
-360 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
19 |
-380 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
20 |
-400 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
21 |
-420 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
22 |
-440 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
23 |
-460 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
24 |
-480 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
25 |
-500 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
26 |
-520 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
27 |
-540 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
28 |
-560 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
29 |
-580 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
30 |
-600 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
31 |
-620 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
32 |
-640 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
-20 |
33 |
-660 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
34 |
-680 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
35 |
-700 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
36 |
-720 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
37 |
-740 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
38 |
-760 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
39 |
-780 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
40 |
-800 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
41 |
-820 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
42 |
-840 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
43 |
-860 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
44 |
-880 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
45 |
-900 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
46 |
-920 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
-20 |
47 |
-940 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-20 |
48 |
-960 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
49 |
-980 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
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Yonah |
Conroe |
Coffee Lake |
AMD |
||||
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Core Duo T2450 |
Core 2 Duo E6750 |
Xeon_E-2278G |
AMD Ryzen 7 2700 |
||||
i |
j |
Result |
Calc parity |
AF |
PF |
AF |
PF |
AF |
PF |
AF |
PF |
-20 |
-10 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-9 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-8 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-7 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-6 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-5 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-4 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-3 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-2 |
10 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
-1 |
20 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
1 |
-20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
2 |
-10 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
3 |
-6 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
4 |
-5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
5 |
-4 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
6 |
-3 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
7 |
-2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
8 |
-2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
9 |
-2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
10 |
-2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
11 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
12 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
13 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
14 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
15 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
16 |
-1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
17 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
18 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
19 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
20 |
-1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
21 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
22 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
23 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
24 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
25 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
26 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
27 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
28 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
29 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
30 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
31 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
32 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
33 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
34 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
35 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
36 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
37 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
38 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
39 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
40 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
41 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
42 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
43 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
44 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
45 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
46 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
47 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
48 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
-20 |
49 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
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, :
Intel ( Wolfdale – «» , Sandy Bridge – «» (Nehalem )). «» AF 0, PF – ( ). «» .
AMD , «» Intel.
Bei Divisionsoperationen setzen alle Intel-Prozessoren das Paritätsbit gleich (es stimmt jedoch nicht mit der Parität der Bits der letzten Bytes des Divisions- und Modulo-Ergebnisses überein).
Das AF-Bit nach der Teilung wird in Intel-Prozessoren auf 0 gesetzt, mit Ausnahme von Yonah-Familien und früheren Versionen.
AMD nach Division setzt AF = 1 und PF = 0.
Die vollständige Testtabelle kann heruntergeladen werden
Wenn jemand Zugriff auf Prozessoren hat, die nicht getestet wurden, nehmen Sie bitte teil.
UPD Nach und nach füge ich die eingereichten Prozessortests hinzu. Details finden Sie in den Kommentaren.