Hallo wieder! Im letzten Beitrag haben wir uns mit dem Prozess der Verwaltung von Abhängigkeiten in JavaScript befasst und die Grundlagen herausgearbeitet: Was ist ein npm-Paket, wie sieht das Paketmanifest aus, in welchen Feldern werden die Abhängigkeiten geschrieben und im Prinzip, was ist ein Abhängigkeitsbaum, sowie die Grundlagen der semantischen Versionierung (Semver). Wenn Sie den vorherigen Beitrag verpasst haben , empfehle ich, damit zu beginnen.

semver, , .

npm shell autocomplete

npm . , shell.

, :

• Bash:

  
  
  

  npm completion >> ~/.bashrc
  source ~/.bashrc

  
  
  

• Z shell:

  
  
  

  npm completion >> ~/.zshrc
  source ~/.zshrc

  
  
  

shell- . , : npm smth… [TAB], shell .

, npm ( package.json). , npm init. .

: npm init -y, . npm , .

npm init, (npm initializers). boilerplate-.

: npm init <initializer>, <initializer> — (: esm react-app).

— npm- create-, npm registry . , .

React- create-react-app: npm init react-app -- my-react-app. CLI, npm init , . React, , , , , ( : my-react-app).

registry. , — npm registry. .

, : dependencies, devDependencies, peerDependencies optionalDependencies. : npm install <package-name> : npm i <package-name>.

: npm i lodash.

lodash dependencies .

: npm i lodash express passport.

install :

• -P, --save-prod
  
  dependencies ( )
• -D, --save-dev
  
  devDependencies
• -O, --save-optional
  
  optionalDependencies

peerDependencies, . . npm . , dependencies npm install, peerDependencies, ( IDE npm).

, , npm , . . : ( Git).

npm install , . . : .

- , «@»:

• npm i lodash@3.9.2
• npm i lodash@3

. .

, , , git clone?

npm install npm i , npm , .

:

• --only=prod[uction]
• --only=dev[elopment]

, , , Node.js, .

. npm : npm ls.

: npm ls [<package-name>], <package-name> , .

, ( , ):

npm ls .

, «» , : npm ls lodash.

lodash npm ls lodash.

, npm ls depth. :

npm ls --depth=0

, .

dev prod , dependencies devDependencies:

• npm ls --dev[elopment]
• npm ls --prod[uction]

json , npm , . ( ):

npm ls --json

npm (semver). : , 1.2.3 1.2.4 (patch update) 1.3.0 (minor update), , . . semver . 1.2.3 2.0.0 , (changelog) , , , , .

, semver , , - patch minor ( , ).



, , , , , ( ).

semver . , npm : patch, minor .

package.json :

{
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "^4.17.17"
  }
}

«^» (caret, hat «») semver. , lodash , 5.0.0, . . patch minor , .

, semver, npm, 99% ( npm ), . . .

, , . , . . , :

{
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "4.17.17"
  }
}

, lodash 4.17.17, , .

:

• , , , — ,
• , , ( ). , , .

.

, — ( ). , . . , .

, , , . npm outdated .

npm outdated , .

:

npm outdated , , depth , npm , :

npm outdated --depth=10

:

npm outdated --depth=9999

npm npm update.

npm registry semver . registry ( semver), , , . , semver, . . npm update , .

: lodash: ^4.16.4. npm update , 4.17.19, : ^4.17.19.

npm outdated, npm update depth , . , :

npm update --depth=9999

( ) . , .

npm-check

npm outdated npm update npm-check.

:

npm i -g npm-check

, , . , semver, , . : - . !

npm-check : , .

npm-check, : , .

— npm-check , - :

npm-check , lodash .

( ) .

, . npm uninstall : rm, r un. , :

npm rm lodash express

, .

Workflow npm-

, , workflow JavaScript-. , , .

• :
  
  
  • npm init
    
    ()
  • npm init -y
    
    ( IDE)
• :
  
  
  • npm install <dependency>
  • npm install <dependency-1> <dependency-2>…
  • npm install -D <dev-dependency>…
• :
  
  
  • npm outdated
    
    ( )
  • npm outdated --depth=9999
    
    ( )
  • npm update
    
    ( semver)
  • npm update --depth=9999
    
    ( semver)
  • npm-check
    
    ( )
  • npm-check -u
    
    ( )
• :
  
  
  • npm rm <dependency>

, , . semver .

. , !

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