Korrigieren von Verknüpfungen zum Startbildschirm in Windows 10 für den aktuellen Benutzer

# Extract a localized string from shell32.dll
$Signature = @{
	Namespace = "WinAPI"
	Name = "GetStr"
	Language = "CSharp"
	MemberDefinition = @"
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
internal static extern int LoadString(IntPtr hInstance, uint uID, StringBuilder lpBuffer, int nBufferMax);
public static string GetString(uint strId)
{
	IntPtr intPtr = GetModuleHandle("shell32.dll");
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(255);
	LoadString(intPtr, strId, sb, sb.Capacity);
	return sb.ToString();
}
"@
}

if (-not ("WinAPI.GetStr" -as [type]))
{
	Add-Type @Signature -Using System.Text
}

# Pin to Start: 51201
# Unpin from Start: 51394
$LocalizedString = [WinAPI.GetStr]::GetString(51201)

# Trying to pin the Command Prompt shortcut to Start
$Target = Get-Item -Path "$env:APPDATA\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\System Tools\Command Prompt.lnk"
$Shell = New-Object -ComObject Shell.Application
$Folder = $Shell.NameSpace($Target.DirectoryName)
$file = $Folder.ParseName($Target.Name)
$Verb = $File.Verbs() | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Name -eq $LocalizedString}
$Verb.DoIt()
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

<#
	.SYNOPSIS
	Configure the Start tiles

	.PARAMETER ControlPanel
	Pin the "Control Panel" shortcut to Start

	.PARAMETER DevicesPrinters
	Pin the "Devices & Printers" shortcut to Start

	.PARAMETER PowerShell
	Pin the "Windows PowerShell" shortcut to Start

	.PARAMETER UnpinAll
	Unpin all the Start tiles

	.EXAMPLE
	.\Pin.ps1 -Tiles ControlPanel, DevicesPrinters, PowerShell

	.EXAMPLE
	.\Pin.ps1 -UnpinAll

	.EXAMPLE
	.\Pin.ps1 -UnpinAll -Tiles ControlPanel, DevicesPrinters, PowerShell

	.EXAMPLE
	.\Pin.ps1 -UnpinAll -Tiles ControlPanel

	.EXAMPLE
	.\Pin.ps1 -Tiles ControlPanel -UnpinAll

	.LINK
	https://github.com/farag2/Windows-10-Sophia-Script

	.NOTES
	Separate arguments with comma
	Current user
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param
(
	[Parameter(
		Mandatory = $false,
		Position = 0
	)]
	[switch]
	$UnpinAll,

	[Parameter(
		Mandatory = $false,
		Position = 1
	)]
	[ValidateSet("ControlPanel", "DevicesPrinters", "PowerShell")]
	[string[]]
	$Tiles,

	[string]
	$StartLayout = "$PSScriptRoot\StartLayout.xml"
)

begin
{
	# Unpin all the Start tiles
	if ($UnpinAll)
	{
		Export-StartLayout -Path $StartLayout -UseDesktopApplicationID

		[xml]$XML = Get-Content -Path $StartLayout -Encoding UTF8 -Force
		$Groups = $XML.LayoutModificationTemplate.DefaultLayoutOverride.StartLayoutCollection.StartLayout.Group

		foreach ($Group in $Groups)
		{
			# Removing all groups inside XML
			$Group.ParentNode.RemoveChild($Group) | Out-Null
		}

		$XML.Save($StartLayout)
	}
}

process
{
	# Extract strings from shell32.dll using its' number
	$Signature = @{
		Namespace = "WinAPI"
		Name = "GetStr"
		Language = "CSharp"
		MemberDefinition = @"
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
internal static extern int LoadString(IntPtr hInstance, uint uID, StringBuilder lpBuffer, int nBufferMax);
public static string GetString(uint strId)
{
	IntPtr intPtr = GetModuleHandle("shell32.dll");
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(255);
	LoadString(intPtr, strId, sb, sb.Capacity);
	return sb.ToString();
}
"@
	}

	if (-not ("WinAPI.GetStr" -as [type]))
	{
		Add-Type @Signature -Using System.Text
	}

	# Extract the localized "Devices and Printers" string from shell32.dll
	$DevicesPrinters = [WinAPI.GetStr]::GetString(30493)

	# We need to get the AppID because it's auto generated
	$Script:DevicesPrintersAppID = (Get-StartApps | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Name -eq $DevicesPrinters}).AppID

	$Parameters = @(
		# Control Panel hash table
		@{
			# Special name for Control Panel
			Name = "ControlPanel"
			Size = "2x2"
			Column = 0
			Row = 0
			AppID = "Microsoft.Windows.ControlPanel"
		},
		# "Devices & Printers" hash table
		@{
			# Special name for "Devices & Printers"
			Name = "DevicesPrinters"
			Size   = "2x2"
			Column = 2
			Row    = 0
			AppID  = $Script:DevicesPrintersAppID
		},
		# Windows PowerShell hash table
		@{
			# Special name for Windows PowerShell
			Name = "PowerShell"
			Size = "2x2"
			Column = 4
			Row = 0
			AppID = "{1AC14E77-02E7-4E5D-B744-2EB1AE5198B7}\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe"
		}
	)

	# Valid columns to place tiles in
	$ValidColumns = @(0, 2, 4)
	[string]$StartLayoutNS = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/Start/2014/StartLayout"

	# Add pre-configured hastable to XML
	function Add-Tile
	{
		param
		(
			[string]
			$Size,

			[int]
			$Column,

			[int]
			$Row,

			[string]
			$AppID
		)

		[string]$elementName = "start:DesktopApplicationTile"
		[Xml.XmlElement]$Table = $xml.CreateElement($elementName, $StartLayoutNS)
		$Table.SetAttribute("Size", $Size)
		$Table.SetAttribute("Column", $Column)
		$Table.SetAttribute("Row", $Row)
		$Table.SetAttribute("DesktopApplicationID", $AppID)

		$Table
	}

	if (-not (Test-Path -Path $StartLayout))
	{
		# Export the current Start layout
		Export-StartLayout -Path $StartLayout -UseDesktopApplicationID
	}

	[xml]$XML = Get-Content -Path $StartLayout -Encoding UTF8 -Force

	foreach ($Tile in $Tiles)
	{
		switch ($Tile)
		{
			ControlPanel
			{
				$ControlPanel = [WinAPI.GetStr]::GetString(12712)
				Write-Verbose -Message ("The `"{0}`" shortcut is being pinned to Start" -f $ControlPanel) -Verbose
			}
			DevicesPrinters
			{
				$DevicesPrinters = [WinAPI.GetStr]::GetString(30493)
				Write-Verbose -Message ("The `"{0}`" shortcut is being pinned to Start" -f $DevicesPrinters) -Verbose

				# Create the old-style "Devices and Printers" shortcut in the Start menu
				$Shell = New-Object -ComObject Wscript.Shell
				$Shortcut = $Shell.CreateShortcut("$env:APPDATA\Microsoft\Windows\Start menu\Programs\System Tools\$DevicesPrinters.lnk")
				$Shortcut.TargetPath = "control"
				$Shortcut.Arguments = "printers"
				$Shortcut.IconLocation = "$env:SystemRoot\system32\DeviceCenter.dll"
				$Shortcut.Save()

				Start-Sleep -Seconds 3
			}
			PowerShell
			{
				Write-Verbose -Message ("The `"{0}`" shortcut is being pinned to Start" -f "Windows PowerShell") -Verbose
			}
		}

		$Parameter = $Parameters | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Name -eq $Tile}
		$Group = $XML.LayoutModificationTemplate.DefaultLayoutOverride.StartLayoutCollection.StartLayout.Group | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Name -eq "Sophia Script"}

		# If the "Sophia Script" group exists in Start
		if ($Group)
		{
			$DesktopApplicationID = ($Parameters | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.Name -eq $Tile}).AppID

			if (-not ($Group.DesktopApplicationTile | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_.DesktopApplicationID -eq $DesktopApplicationID}))
			{
				# Calculate current filled columns
				$CurrentColumns = @($Group.DesktopApplicationTile.Column)
				# Calculate current free columns and take the first one
				$Column = (Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $ValidColumns -DifferenceObject $CurrentColumns).InputObject | Select-Object -First 1
				# If filled cells contain desired ones assign the first free column
				if ($CurrentColumns -contains $Parameter.Column)
				{
					$Parameter.Column = $Column
				}
				$Group.AppendChild((Add-Tile @Parameter)) | Out-Null
			}
		}
		else
		{
			# Create the "Sophia Script" group
			[Xml.XmlElement]$Group = $XML.CreateElement("start:Group", $StartLayoutNS)
			$Group.SetAttribute("Name","Sophia Script")
			$Group.AppendChild((Add-Tile @Parameter)) | Out-Null
			$XML.LayoutModificationTemplate.DefaultLayoutOverride.StartLayoutCollection.StartLayout.AppendChild($Group) | Out-Null
		}
	}

	$XML.Save($StartLayout)
}

end
{
	# Temporarily disable changing the Start menu layout
	if (-not (Test-Path -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer))
	{
		New-Item -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer -Force
	}
	New-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer -Name LockedStartLayout -Value 1 -Force
	New-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer -Name StartLayoutFile -Value $StartLayout -Force

	Start-Sleep -Seconds 3

	# Restart the Start menu
	Stop-Process -Name StartMenuExperienceHost -Force -ErrorAction Ignore

	Start-Sleep -Seconds 3

	# Open the Start menu to load the new layout
	$wshell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
	$wshell.SendKeys("^{ESC}")

	Start-Sleep -Seconds 3

	# Enable changing the Start menu layout
	Remove-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer -Name LockedStartLayout -Force -ErrorAction Ignore
	Remove-ItemProperty -Path HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer -Name StartLayoutFile -Force -ErrorAction Ignore

	Remove-Item -Path $StartLayout -Force

	Stop-Process -Name StartMenuExperienceHost -Force -ErrorAction Ignore

	Start-Sleep -Seconds 3

	# Open the Start menu to load the new layout
	$wshell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
	$wshell.SendKeys("^{ESC}")
}