🤵🏼 🥤 👨🏻‍🚀 Implementieren eines Entwurfsmusters 👩‍⚕️ ✌🏼 😗

Wir laden zukünftige Studenten des Kurses " Unity Game Developer. Professional " ein , die offene Lektion zum Thema "Fortgeschrittene künstliche Intelligenz von Feinden in Schützen" zu sehen.

Und jetzt teilen wir die traditionelle Übersetzung von nützlichem Material.

In diesem Tutorial werden wir das Befehlsentwurfsmuster beherrschen und es in Unity als Teil eines Spielobjekt-Bewegungssystems implementieren.

Einführung in das Befehlsmuster

Anfragen, Befehle und Befehle : Wir alle kennen sie im wirklichen Leben. Eine Person sendet eine Anfrage (oder einen Befehl oder einen Befehl) an eine andere Person, um einige der ihr zugewiesenen Aufgaben auszuführen (oder nicht auszuführen). Bei der Entwicklung und Entwicklung von Software funktioniert dies auf ähnliche Weise: Eine Anforderung von einer Komponente wird an eine andere übergeben, um bestimmte Aufgaben innerhalb des Teammusters auszuführen.

: — , , () , . , / .

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public interface ICommand      
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    void Execute();
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Player

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GameManager.cs

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Player

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public GameObject

player

.

public GameObject mPlayer;

Player

Hierarchy

Player

.

(Up, Down, Left Right).

. Update

. 1 .

void Update()
{
    Vector3 dir = Vector3.zero;

    if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.UpArrow))
        dir.z = 1.0f;
    else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.DownArrow))
        dir.z = -1.0f;
    else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
        dir.x = -1.0f;
    else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.RightArrow))
        dir.x = 1.0f;

    if (dir != Vector3.zero)
    {
        _player.transform.position += dir;
    }
}

Play

, . (Up, Down, Left Right), .

— Player

Ground

, . ?

, Ground

, .

public Vector3? GetClickPosition()
{
    if(Input.GetMouseButtonDown(1))
    {
        RaycastHit hitInfo;
        Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
        if(Physics.Raycast(ray, out hitInfo))
        {
            //Debug.Log("Tag = " + hitInfo.collider.gameObject.tag);
            return hitInfo.point;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

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public IEnumerator MoveToInSeconds(GameObject objectToMove, Vector3 end, float seconds)
{
    float elapsedTime = 0;
    Vector3 startingPos = objectToMove.transform.position;
    end.y = startingPos.y;
    while (elapsedTime < seconds)
    {
        objectToMove.transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startingPos, end, (elapsedTime / seconds));
        elapsedTime += Time.deltaTime;
        yield return null;
    }
    objectToMove.transform.position = end;
}

, , , .

Update

, .

****
    var clickPoint = GetClickPosition();
    if (clickPoint != null)
    {
        IEnumerator moveto = MoveToInSeconds(_player, clickPoint.Value, 0.5f);
        StartCoroutine(moveto);
    }
****

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CommandMove

public class CommandMove : ICommand
{
    public CommandMove(GameObject obj, Vector3 direction)
    {
        mGameObject = obj;
        mDirection = direction;
    }

    public void Execute()
    {
        mGameObject.transform.position += mDirection;
    }

    public void ExecuteUndo()
    {
        mGameObject.transform.position -= mDirection;
    }

    GameObject mGameObject;
    Vector3 mDirection;
}

CommandMoveTo

public class CommandMoveTo : ICommand
{
    public CommandMoveTo(GameManager manager, Vector3 startPos, Vector3 destPos)
    {
        mGameManager = manager;
        mDestination = destPos;
        mStartPosition = startPos;
    }

    public void Execute()
    {
        mGameManager.MoveTo(mDestination);
    }

    public void ExecuteUndo()
    {
        mGameManager.MoveTo(mStartPosition);
    }

    GameManager mGameManager;
    Vector3 mDestination;
    Vector3 mStartPosition;
}

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public class Invoker
{
    public Invoker()
    {
        mCommands = new Stack<ICommand>();
    }

    public void Execute(ICommand command)
    {
        if (command != null)
        {
            mCommands.Push(command);
            mCommands.Peek().Execute();
        }
    }

    public void Undo()
    {
        if(mCommands.Count > 0)
        {
            mCommands.Peek().ExecuteUndo();
            mCommands.Pop();
        }
    }

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}

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private Invoker mInvoker;

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Start

GameManager.

mInvoker = new Invoker();

Undo

U

. Update

.

// Undo 
    if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.U))
    {
        mInvoker.Undo();
    }

Update

.

void Update()
{
    Vector3 dir = Vector3.zero;

    if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.UpArrow))
        dir.z = 1.0f;
    else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.DownArrow))
        dir.z = -1.0f;
    else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
        dir.x = -1.0f;
    else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.RightArrow))
        dir.x = 1.0f;

    if (dir != Vector3.zero)
    {
        //Using command pattern implementation.
        ICommand move = new CommandMove(mPlayer, dir);
        mInvoker.Execute(move);
    }

    var clickPoint = GetClickPosition();

    //Using command pattern right click moveto.
    if (clickPoint != null)
    {
        CommandMoveTo moveto = new CommandMoveTo(
            this, 
            mPlayer.transform.position, 
            clickPoint.Value);
        mInvoker.Execute(moveto);
    }
    // Undo 
    if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.U))
    {
        mInvoker.Undo();
    }
}

Play

, . (Up, Down, Left Right), , «u» .

— GoF, , - , , , , , .

Unity

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    public interface ICommand
    {
        void Execute();
        void ExecuteUndo();
    }

    public class CommandMove : ICommand
    {
        public CommandMove(GameObject obj, Vector3 direction)
        {
            mGameObject = obj;
            mDirection = direction;
        }

        public void Execute()
        {
            mGameObject.transform.position += mDirection;
        }

        public void ExecuteUndo()
        {
            mGameObject.transform.position -= mDirection;
        }

        GameObject mGameObject;
        Vector3 mDirection;
    }

    public class Invoker
    {
        public Invoker()
        {
            mCommands = new Stack<ICommand>();
        }

        public void Execute(ICommand command)
        {
            if (command != null)
            {
                mCommands.Push(command);
                mCommands.Peek().Execute();
            }
        }

        public void Undo()
        {
            if (mCommands.Count > 0)
            {
                mCommands.Peek().ExecuteUndo();
                mCommands.Pop();
            }
        }

        Stack<ICommand> mCommands;
    }
    public GameObject mPlayer;
    private Invoker mInvoker;

    public class CommandMoveTo : ICommand
    {
        public CommandMoveTo(GameManager manager, Vector3 startPos, Vector3 destPos)
        {
            mGameManager = manager;
            mDestination = destPos;
            mStartPosition = startPos;
        }

        public void Execute()
        {
            mGameManager.MoveTo(mDestination);
        }

        public void ExecuteUndo()
        {
            mGameManager.MoveTo(mStartPosition);
        }

        GameManager mGameManager;
        Vector3 mDestination;
        Vector3 mStartPosition;
    }

    public IEnumerator MoveToInSeconds(GameObject objectToMove, Vector3 end, float seconds)
    {
        float elapsedTime = 0;
        Vector3 startingPos = objectToMove.transform.position;
        end.y = startingPos.y;
        while (elapsedTime < seconds)
        {
            objectToMove.transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startingPos, end, (elapsedTime / seconds));
            elapsedTime += Time.deltaTime;
            yield return null;
        }
        objectToMove.transform.position = end;
    }

    public Vector3? GetClickPosition()
    {
        if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(1))
        {
            RaycastHit hitInfo;
            Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
            if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hitInfo))
            {
                //Debug.Log("Tag = " + hitInfo.collider.gameObject.tag);
                return hitInfo.point;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }



    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        mInvoker = new Invoker();
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        Vector3 dir = Vector3.zero;

        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.UpArrow))
            dir.z = 1.0f;
        else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.DownArrow))
            dir.z = -1.0f;
        else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
            dir.x = -1.0f;
        else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.RightArrow))
            dir.x = 1.0f;

        if (dir != Vector3.zero)
        {
            //----------------------------------------------------//
            //Using normal implementation.
            //mPlayer.transform.position += dir;
            //----------------------------------------------------//


            //----------------------------------------------------//
            //Using command pattern implementation.
            ICommand move = new CommandMove(mPlayer, dir);
            mInvoker.Execute(move);
            //----------------------------------------------------//
        }

        var clickPoint = GetClickPosition();

        //----------------------------------------------------//
        //Using normal implementation for right click moveto.
        //if (clickPoint != null)
        //{
        //    IEnumerator moveto = MoveToInSeconds(mPlayer, clickPoint.Value, 0.5f);
        //    StartCoroutine(moveto);
        //}
        //----------------------------------------------------//

        //----------------------------------------------------//
        //Using command pattern right click moveto.
        if (clickPoint != null)
        {
            CommandMoveTo moveto = new CommandMoveTo(this, mPlayer.transform.position, clickPoint.Value);
            mInvoker.Execute(moveto);
        }
        //----------------------------------------------------//


        //----------------------------------------------------//
        // Undo 
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.U))
        {
            mInvoker.Undo();
        }
        //----------------------------------------------------//
    }

    public void MoveTo(Vector3 pt)
    {
        IEnumerator moveto = MoveToInSeconds(mPlayer, pt, 0.5f);
        StartCoroutine(moveto);
    }
}