🥌 🧚🏼 🤦 Verwenden des Nginx FastCGI-Cache 💃 💵 🐜

FastCGI Cache ist ein Daten-Caching-System, das auf Nginx HTTP-Serverebene implementiert ist .

Der Vorteil des FastCGI-Cache besteht darin, dass Nginx die zwischengespeicherte Antwort an den Benutzer zurückgibt, sobald er eine Anforderung empfängt, während die Anwendungsschicht die eingehende HTTP-Anforderung überhaupt nicht verarbeitet, wenn sie sich im Nginx-Cache befindet.

Die Verwendung von FastCGI Cache ist eine hervorragende Möglichkeit, die Belastung Ihres Systems zu verringern.

Wenn Ihre Site Seiten enthält, die sich selten ändern, oder die Verzögerung beim Aktualisieren von Informationen für eine Weile nicht kritisch ist, ist der FastCGI-Cache genau das, was Sie benötigen.

So funktioniert der Nginx FastCGI Cache

Wenn eine HTTP-Anfrage beim Nginx-Server eintrifft und vor einiger Zeit die Antwort auf dieselbe Anfrage in den Cache gestellt wurde, sendet Nginx diese Anfrage nicht zur Ausführung von PHP-FPM, sondern Nginx gibt das Ergebnis aus dem Cache zurück.

Aufgabe

Angenommen, wir haben ein webbasiertes Steuerungssystem für einen Flug zum Mond, das in PHP geschrieben ist. Jeder Benutzer muss seinen Benutzernamen und sein Kennwort eingeben, um das System aufzurufen und sich auf der Hauptseite der Space-Anwendung zu befinden.

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http {

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;

    server {
    
        listen 80;
        index index.php index.html;
        server_name moon-flight.aero;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/moon-flight.aero.error.log;
        access_log /var/log/nginx/moon-flight.aero.access.log
        root /var/www/moon-flight.aero/public;

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        }

        location ~ \.php$ {
            try_files $uri =404;
            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
        }
    }
}

, fastcgi_cache_path http.

fastcgi_cache_path /tmp/nginx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=fastcgicache:10m inactive=70m max_size=512m;

/tmp/nginx_cache , . /tmp , . , , /tmp/nginx_cache .

— . levels=1:2. , 2. , , .

— . keys_zone=fastcgicache:10m , fastcgicache, 10m — . 10 80 000 . , .

— inactive=70m, , , , . , , inactive, , . inactive 10 .

max_size=512m — . . , Nginx .

. fastcgi_cache_key. http, server location.

server fastcgi_cache_key:

fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$cookie_codeAuth";

— $scheme

— $request_method

— $host

— $request_uri

— $cookie_codeAuth

. , .

, :

http://moon-flight.aero/search/?query=10

Nginx :


$scheme	`http`
$request_method	`GET`
$host	`moon-flight.aero`
$request_uri	`/search/?query=10`
$cookie_codeAuth	Cookie codeAuth, . Cookie -.

, Cookie codeAuth. .

Nginx Cookie, $cookie_.

, HTTP- :

Cookie: codeAuth=a7e30fbb7f4513redfd22049c6b5dzme306f4e

"$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$cookie_codeAuth" , , . $cookie_codeAuth .

server fastcgi_cache, fastcgi_cache_valid, fastcgi_cache_bypass fastcgi_no_cache location.

server.

, $request_uri "/".
GET . $request_method GET.
, GET . $query_string "".

3 ( server):

set $no_cache 0;

if ($request_method != GET) {
     set $no_cache 1;
}

if ($query_string != "") {
     set $no_cache 1;
}

if ($request_uri != "/") {
     set $no_cache 1;
}

fastcgi_cache, fastcgi_cache_valid, fastcgi_cache_bypass fastcgi_no_cache location.

fastcgi_cache fastcgicache;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m;
fastcgi_cache_bypass $no_cache;
fastcgi_no_cache $no_cache;

fastcgi_cache — , . fastcgi_cache_path.

fastcgi_cache_valid — HTTP- . 60 200.

fastcgi_cache_bypass — , . 0, .

fastcgi_no_cache — , . 0, .

sudo service nginx reload

, ?

. , $upstream_cache_status.

server add_header :

add_header x-fastcgi-cache $upstream_cache_status;

x-fastcgi-cache — .

$upstream_cache_status :

MISS
BYPASS
EXPIRED
STALE
UPDATING
REVALIDATED
HIT

, HIT.

http {

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    
    fastcgi_cache_path /tmp/nginx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=fastcgicache:10m inactive=70m max_size=512m;

    server {
    
        listen 80;
        index index.php index.html;
        server_name moon-flight.aero;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/moon-flight.aero.error.log;
        access_log /var/log/nginx/moon-flight.aero.access.log
        root /var/www/moon-flight.aero/public;
        
        fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$cookie_codeAuth";
        
        set $no_cache 0;

        if ($request_method != GET) {
            set $no_cache 1;
        }

        if ($query_string != "") {
            set $no_cache 1;
        }
    
        if ($request_uri != "/") {
            set $no_cache 1;
        }

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        }
        
        add_header x-fastcgi-cache $upstream_cache_status;

        location ~ \.php$ {
        
            fastcgi_cache fastcgicache;
            fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m;
            fastcgi_cache_bypass $no_cache;
            fastcgi_no_cache $no_cache;
        
            try_files $uri =404;
            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
        }
    }
}

Nginx :

sudo nginx -t

, , :

sudo service nginx reload

Apache Bench

Apache Bench -. C Apache Bench , . cookies.

Apache Bench Ununtu.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install apache2-utils

Apache Bench

FastCGI Cache $no_cache 1.

sudo service nginx reload

. , Apache Bench :

ab -c 5 -n 100 -C "codeAuth=a7e30fbb7f4513redfd22049c6b5dzme306f4e" http://moon-flight.aero

http://moon-flight.aero 100 , 5 . -C , cookie codeAuth.

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking moon-flight.aero (be patient).....done


Server Software:        nginx/1.14.0
Server Hostname:        moon-flight.aero
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        31134 bytes

Concurrency Level:      5
Time taken for tests:   2.978 seconds
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      3150400 bytes
HTML transferred:       3113400 bytes
Requests per second:    33.58 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       148.878 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       29.776 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          1033.25 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       23   29   5.0     27      50
Processing:    58  112  17.1    113     142
Waiting:       58  112  17.0    113     142
Total:         85  141  16.7    142     176

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    142
  66%    149
  75%    154
  80%    159
  90%    163
  95%    166
  98%    170
  99%    176
 100%    176 (longest request)

3 , 100 . — 33.58 .

Apache Bench

$no_cache 0.

sudo service nginx reload

ab -c 5 -n 100 -C "codeAuth=a7e30fbb7f4513redfd22049c6b5dzme306f4e" http://moon-flight.aero

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking moon-flight.aero (be patient).....done


Server Software:        nginx/1.14.0
Server Hostname:        moon-flight.aero
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        31134 bytes

Concurrency Level:      5
Time taken for tests:   1.068 seconds
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      3150104 bytes
HTML transferred:       3113400 bytes
Requests per second:    93.64 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       53.398 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       10.680 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          2880.52 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       23   31   6.5     27      47
Processing:    14   17   7.8     16      93
Waiting:       14   17   7.8     16      93
Total:         37   47  10.1     44     122

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     44
  66%     49
  75%     52
  80%     54
  90%     56
  95%     61
  98%     63
  99%    122
 100%    122 (longest request)

1 , 100 . — 93.64 .

Eine Beschreibung des Moduls ngx_http_fastcgi_module finden Sie unter folgendem Link: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/http/ngx http fastcgi_module.html

Video zum Einrichten von FastCGI Cache Nginx: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nri2KOI3HJo&t=66s

Apache Bench-Dokumentation: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/programs/ab.html

Verwenden des Nginx FastCGI-Cache

So funktioniert der Nginx FastCGI Cache

Aufgabe

Apache Bench

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