Clever Geek Handbook

Schreiben eines Telegramm-Bots in R (Teil 3): So fĂŒgen Sie einem Bot TastaturunterstĂŒtzung hinzu

Dies ist der dritte Artikel in der Reihe "Schreiben eines Telegrammbot in der R-Sprache". In frĂŒheren Veröffentlichungen haben wir gelernt, wie man einen Telegramm-Bot erstellt, Nachrichten ĂŒber ihn sendet, Befehle und Nachrichtenfilter zum Bot hinzufĂŒgt. Bevor Sie mit dem Lesen dieses Artikels beginnen, empfehle ich Ihnen daher dringend, sich mit den vorherigen vertraut zu machen , da hier werde ich nicht auf den zuvor beschriebenen Grundlagen des Bot-Baus aufhören.



In diesem Artikel verbessern wir die Benutzerfreundlichkeit unseres Bots durch HinzufĂŒgen einer Tastatur, wodurch die Bot-OberflĂ€che intuitiv und einfach zu bedienen ist.





Alle Artikel aus der Reihe "Schreiben eines Telegrammbot in der Sprache R"



  1. Wir erstellen einen Bot und senden damit Nachrichten an das Telegramm
  2. FĂŒgen Sie dem Bot BefehlsunterstĂŒtzung und Nachrichtenfilter hinzu
  3. So fĂŒgen Sie Ihrem Bot TastaturunterstĂŒtzung hinzu
  4. Aufbau eines konsistenten, logischen Dialogs mit dem Bot




telegram youtube . R.



  2. Reply
  3. Inline

    3.1. InLine

    3.2. ,

    3.3. , - habr.com




telegram.bot :



  • Reply — , , . , , .
  • Inline — . , , , . CallbackQueryHandler.


, sendMessage(), reply_markup.



.



Reply



, .



Reply 
bot <- Bot(token = "TOKEN")
chat_id <- "CHAT_ID"

# Create Custom Keyboard
text <- "Aren't those custom keyboards cool?"
RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
  keyboard = list(
    list(KeyboardButton("Yes, they certainly are!")),
    list(KeyboardButton("I'm not quite sure")),
    list(KeyboardButton("No..."))
  ),
  resize_keyboard = FALSE,
  one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)

# Send Custom Keyboard
bot$sendMessage(chat_id, text, reply_markup = RKM)


telegram.bot. ReplyKeyboardMarkup(), , KeyboardButton().



ReplyKeyboardMarkup() , ? , , , .. .



resize_keyboard , one_time_keyboard .



, 3 :



  • ID — ID
  • —
  • —


1: Reply 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##    
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(KeyboardButton(" ID")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" ")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" "))
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   id 
chat_id <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0(" id  : ", update$message$chat_id),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

##   
my_name <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0("  ", update$message$from$first_name),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

##   
my_username <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0("  ", update$message$from$username),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

#  
##     ID
MessageFilters$chat_id <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " ID"

}
)

##     
MessageFilters$name <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "

}
)

##     
MessageFilters$username <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "
)

#  
h_start    <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_chat_id  <- MessageHandler(chat_id, filters = MessageFilters$chat_id)
h_name     <- MessageHandler(my_name, filters = MessageFilters$name)
h_username <- MessageHandler(my_username, filters = MessageFilters$username)

#    
updater <- updater + 
            h_start +
            h_chat_id +
            h_name +
            h_username

#   
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

/start, .. .





, , , , .



4 :



  • start —
  • chat_id —
  • my_name —
  • my_username —


MessageFilters 3 , :



  • chat_id — " ID"
  • name — " "
  • username — " "


4 , .



#  
h_start    <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_chat_id  <- MessageHandler(chat_id, filters = MessageFilters$chat_id)
h_name     <- MessageHandler(my_name, filters = MessageFilters$name)
h_username <- MessageHandler(my_username, filters = MessageFilters$username)


start() ReplyKeyboardMarkup().



RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(KeyboardButton(" ID")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" ")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" "))
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)


, , . .. , , :



RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
          KeyboardButton(" ID"),
          KeyboardButton(" "),
          KeyboardButton(" ")
     )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)




sendMessage(), reply_markup.



  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)


Inline



, Inline . .



, Inline .



Inline answerCallbackQuery(), telegram, Inline .



Inline , CallbackQueryHandler().



Inline telegram.bot.



Inline 
# Initialize bot
bot <- Bot(token = "TOKEN")
chat_id <- "CHAT_ID"

# Create Inline Keyboard
text <- "Could you type their phone number, please?"
IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
  inline_keyboard = list(
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(1),
      InlineKeyboardButton(2),
      InlineKeyboardButton(3)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(4),
      InlineKeyboardButton(5),
      InlineKeyboardButton(6)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(7),
      InlineKeyboardButton(8),
      InlineKeyboardButton(9)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton("*"),
      InlineKeyboardButton(0),
      InlineKeyboardButton("#")
    )
  )
)

# Send Inline Keyboard
bot$sendMessage(chat_id, text, reply_markup = IKM)


Inline InlineKeyboardMarkup(), , Reply . InlineKeyboardMarkup() , Inline , InlineKeyboardButton().



Inline - callback_data, - HTML , url.



, Inline , .



Inline .



InLine



covid-19. /test, , .



2: Inline 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#    InLine 
test <- function(bot, update) {

  #  InLine 
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'yes'),
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'no')
      )
    )
  )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = "  ?", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#     
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  data <- update$callback_query$data

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  #  
  if ( data == 'no' ) {

    msg <- paste0(uname, ", ,    covid-19 .")

  } else {

    msg <- paste0(uname, ",      covid-19 .")

  }

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
inline_h      <- CommandHandler('test', test)
query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + inline_h + query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



:



  • test — Inline
  • answer_cb — .


, callback_data, . update$callback_query$data, answer_cb.



Inline , answer_cb : CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb). Inline . CallbackQueryHandler :



  • callback —
  • pattern — , callback_data.


pattern :



3: Inline 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#    InLine 
test <- function(bot, update) {  

  #  InLine 
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'yes'),
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'no')
      )
    )
  )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = "  ?", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#      
answer_cb_yes <- function(bot, update) {

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  #  
  msg <- paste0(uname, ",      covid-19 .")

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#      
answer_cb_no <- function(bot, update) {

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  msg <- paste0(uname, ", ,    covid-19 .")

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
inline_h          <- CommandHandler('test', test)
query_handler_yes <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_yes, pattern = 'yes')
query_handler_no  <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_no, pattern = 'no')

#    
updater <- updater + 
            inline_h + 
            query_handler_yes +
            query_handler_no

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

2 , .. , , pattern, :



query_handler_yes <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_yes, pattern = 'yes')
query_handler_no  <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_no, pattern = 'no')


answer_cb bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id), , inline .



,



, .



. /start , "". Inline , , . , .



:





4: , 
library(telegram.bot)
library(httr)
library(stringr)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##     
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
        KeyboardButton("")
      )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = TRUE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   Inine 
weather <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'New York,us'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '-', callback_data = 'Saint Petersburg'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '-', callback_data = 'New York')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Yekaterinburg,ru'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Berlin,de'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Paris,fr')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Rome,it'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Odessa,ua'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Kyiv,fr')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Tokyo'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Amsterdam,nl'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Washington,us')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#    
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  city <- update$callback_query$data

  #  
  ans <- GET('https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather', 
             query = list(q     = city,
                          lang  = 'ru',
                          units = 'metric',
                          appid = '4776568ccea136ffe4cda9f1969af340')) 

  #  
  result <- content(ans)

  #  
  msg <- str_glue("{result$name} :\n",
                  " : {result$main$temp}\n",
                  " : {result$wind$speed}\n",
                  ": {result$weather[[1]]$description}")

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text    = msg)

  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
##    
MessageFilters$weather <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == ""

}
)

#  
h_start         <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_weather       <- MessageHandler(weather, filters = MessageFilters$weather)
h_query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + 
              h_start +
              h_weather +
              h_query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



:



3 , :



  • start —
  • weather — Inline
  • answer_cb — , API , .


start /start, CommandHandler('start', start).



weather :



#  
##    
MessageFilters$weather <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == ""

}
)


: MessageHandler(weather, filters = MessageFilters$weather).



, answer_cb Inline , : CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb).



answer_cb, city: city <- update$callback_query$data. API , , answerCallbackQuery , , , Inline .



, - habr.com.



, , Inline .



, /start. 6 , , 5 .



, , habR, R.



habR github, devtools. .



install.packages('devtools')
devtools::install_github('selesnow/habR')


:



5: 
library(telegram.bot)
library(habR)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##     
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
        KeyboardButton(" ")
      )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = TRUE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   Inine 
habs <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'R', callback_data = 'R'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Mining', callback_data = 'data_mining'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Engineering', callback_data = 'data_engineering')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Big Data', callback_data = 'bigdata'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Python', callback_data = 'python'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = ' ', callback_data = 'data_visualization')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#    
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  hub <- update$callback_query$data

  #   ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id, 
                          text = '  ,  ') 

  #   ,       
  mid <- bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                         text    = "   ,      ")

  #  
  posts <- head(habr_hub_posts(hub, 1), 5)

  #    ,   
  bot$deleteMessage(update$from_chat_id(), mid$message_id) 

  #   
  keys <- lapply(1:5, function(x) list(InlineKeyboardButton(posts$title[x], url = posts$link[x])))

  #  
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard =  keys 
    )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text    = paste0("5      ", hub),
                  reply_markup = IKM)

}

#  
##    
MessageFilters$hubs <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "

}
)

#  
h_start         <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_hubs          <- MessageHandler(habs, filters = MessageFilters$hubs)
h_query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + 
  h_start +
  h_hubs  +
  h_query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



, habs:



##   Inine 
habs <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'R', callback_data = 'r'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Mining', callback_data = 'data_mining'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Engineering', callback_data = 'data_engineering')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Big Data', callback_data = 'bigdata'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Python', callback_data = 'python'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = ' ', callback_data = 'data_visualization')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}


habr_hub_posts(), habR. , , 20 . head() 5 , .



  #  
  posts <- head(habr_hub_posts(hub, 1), 5)


, Inline lapply().



  #   
  keys <- lapply(1:5, function(x) list(InlineKeyboardButton(posts$title[x], url = posts$link[x])))

  #  
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard =  keys 
    )


posts$title[x], url : url = posts$link[x].



, , .





, , , . .



, .



More articles:


All Articles