Clever Geek Handbook

Docker und alles, alles, alles

TL; DR: Eine Übersicht über Artikel zum Vergleichen von Umgebungen zum Ausführen von Anwendungen in Containern. Die Funktionen von Docker und anderen ähnlichen Systemen werden berücksichtigt.





Ein bisschen Geschichte, woher alles kam



chroot. — , , . , «» chroot . ( , ), .



— , . -, — , , . FreeBSD Jails, Solaris Zones, OpenVZ LXC Linux. , , , , . chroot , , - ( Linux, FreeBSD) «» .



( , ..) , — ( ). , Docker. — .



Docker



Docker — . Go, Linux — cgroups, namespaces, capabilities .., Aufs .





: wikimedia





1.11 Docker , : , , API. 1.11 Docker , : containerd, ( , , , , ) runC, , cgroups Linux. docker , API, containerd.







docker docker-machine, docker ( ) , .



2018 , Linux — .



, Ansible , .



Centos 7, , :



# yum install -y yum-utils
# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io


, :



# systemctl enable docker
# systemctl start docker
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2377/tcp --permanent


docker, docker sudo, , API , firewall ( , , — ), .





docker machine docker registry, , docker compose — , YAML ( , ).



CI\CD. — , swarm mode ( 1.12 docker swarm), . , , .



YAML docker compose , . Kubernetes, swarm mode Kubernetes. runC Kata containers



Docker



, GitLab Docker Registry . , GlusterFS, docker volumes, docker registry. : Docker Registry, Postgresql, Redis, GitLab GitLab Runner Swarm. Postgresql Stolon, Postgresql GlusterFS. GlusterFS.



GlusterFS ( node1, node2, node3) , firewall, :



# yum -y install centos-release-gluster7
# yum -y install glusterfs-server
# systemctl enable glusterd
# systemctl start glusterd
# firewall-cmd --add-service=glusterfs --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload
# mkdir -p /srv/gluster
# mkdir -p /srv/docker
# echo "$(hostname):/docker /srv/docker glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0" >> /etc/fstab


GlusterFS , node1:



# gluster peer probe node2
# gluster peer probe node3
# gluster volume create docker replica 3 node1:/srv/gluster node2:/srv/gluster node3:/srv/gluster force
# gluster volume start docker


volume ( ):



# mount /srv/docker


swarm mode , Leader, , .



, node1:



# docker swarm init
Swarm initialized: current node (a5jpfrh5uvo7svzz1ajduokyq) is now a manager.

To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:

    docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-0c5mf7mvzc7o7vjk0wngno2dy70xs95tovfxbv4tqt9280toku-863hyosdlzvd76trfptd4xnzd xx.xx.xx.xx:2377

To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.
# docker swarm join-token manager


, node2 node3:



# docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-x-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx xx.xx.xx.xx:2377
This node joined a swarm as a manager.


, , node1, .



:



# docker network create --driver=overlay etcd
# docker network create --driver=overlay pgsql
# docker network create --driver=overlay redis
# docker network create --driver=overlay traefik
# docker network create --driver=overlay gitlab


, :



# docker node update --label-add nodename=node1 node1
# docker node update --label-add nodename=node2 node2
# docker node update --label-add nodename=node3 node3


etcd, KV-, Traefik Stolon. Postgresql , :



# mkdir -p /srv/etcd


etcd :



00etcd.yml 
version: '3.7'

services:
  etcd1:
    image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:latest
    hostname: etcd1
    command:
      - etcd
      - --name=etcd1
      - --data-dir=/data.etcd
      - --advertise-client-urls=http://etcd1:2379
      - --listen-client-urls=http://0.0.0.0:2379
      - --initial-advertise-peer-urls=http://etcd1:2380
      - --listen-peer-urls=http://0.0.0.0:2380
      - --initial-cluster=etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380,etcd3=http://etcd3:2380
      - --initial-cluster-state=new
      - --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster
    networks:
      - etcd
    volumes:
      - etcd1vol:/data.etcd
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints: [node.labels.nodename == node1]
  etcd2:
    image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:latest
    hostname: etcd2
    command:
      - etcd
      - --name=etcd2
      - --data-dir=/data.etcd
      - --advertise-client-urls=http://etcd2:2379
      - --listen-client-urls=http://0.0.0.0:2379
      - --initial-advertise-peer-urls=http://etcd2:2380
      - --listen-peer-urls=http://0.0.0.0:2380
      - --initial-cluster=etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380,etcd3=http://etcd3:2380
      - --initial-cluster-state=new
      - --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster
    networks:
      - etcd
    volumes:
      - etcd2vol:/data.etcd
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints: [node.labels.nodename == node2]
  etcd3:
    image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:latest
    hostname: etcd3
    command:
      - etcd
      - --name=etcd3
      - --data-dir=/data.etcd
      - --advertise-client-urls=http://etcd3:2379
      - --listen-client-urls=http://0.0.0.0:2379
      - --initial-advertise-peer-urls=http://etcd3:2380
      - --listen-peer-urls=http://0.0.0.0:2380
      - --initial-cluster=etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380,etcd3=http://etcd3:2380
      - --initial-cluster-state=new
      - --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster
    networks:
      - etcd
    volumes:
      - etcd3vol:/data.etcd
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints: [node.labels.nodename == node3]

volumes:
  etcd1vol:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/etcd"
  etcd2vol:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/etcd"
  etcd3vol:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/etcd"

networks:
  etcd:
    external: true


# docker stack deploy --compose-file 00etcd.yml etcd


, etcd :



# docker exec $(docker ps | awk '/etcd/ {print $1}')  etcdctl member list
ade526d28b1f92f7: name=etcd1 peerURLs=http://etcd1:2380 clientURLs=http://etcd1:2379 isLeader=false
bd388e7810915853: name=etcd3 peerURLs=http://etcd3:2380 clientURLs=http://etcd3:2379 isLeader=false
d282ac2ce600c1ce: name=etcd2 peerURLs=http://etcd2:2380 clientURLs=http://etcd2:2379 isLeader=true
# docker exec $(docker ps | awk '/etcd/ {print $1}')  etcdctl cluster-health
member ade526d28b1f92f7 is healthy: got healthy result from http://etcd1:2379
member bd388e7810915853 is healthy: got healthy result from http://etcd3:2379
member d282ac2ce600c1ce is healthy: got healthy result from http://etcd2:2379
cluster is healthy


Postgresql, :



# mkdir -p /srv/pgsql


Postgresql:



01pgsql.yml 
version: '3.7'

services:
  pgsentinel:
    image: sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
    command:
      - gosu
      - stolon
      - stolon-sentinel
      - --cluster-name=stolon-cluster
      - --store-backend=etcdv3
      - --store-endpoints=http://etcd1:2379,http://etcd2:2379,http://etcd3:2379
      - --log-level=debug
    networks:
      - etcd
      - pgsql
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
      update_config:
        parallelism: 1
        delay: 30s
        order: stop-first
        failure_action: pause
  pgkeeper1:
    image: sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
    hostname: pgkeeper1
    command:
      - gosu
      - stolon
      - stolon-keeper
      - --pg-listen-address=pgkeeper1
      - --pg-repl-username=replica
      - --uid=pgkeeper1
      - --pg-su-username=postgres
      - --pg-su-passwordfile=/run/secrets/pgsql
      - --pg-repl-passwordfile=/run/secrets/pgsql_repl
      - --data-dir=/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - --cluster-name=stolon-cluster
      - --store-backend=etcdv3
      - --store-endpoints=http://etcd1:2379,http://etcd2:2379,http://etcd3:2379
    networks:
      - etcd
      - pgsql
    environment:
      - PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data
    volumes:
      - pgkeeper1:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    secrets:
      - pgsql
      - pgsql_repl
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints: [node.labels.nodename == node1]
  pgkeeper2:
    image: sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
    hostname: pgkeeper2
    command:
      - gosu
      - stolon 
      - stolon-keeper
      - --pg-listen-address=pgkeeper2
      - --pg-repl-username=replica
      - --uid=pgkeeper2
      - --pg-su-username=postgres
      - --pg-su-passwordfile=/run/secrets/pgsql
      - --pg-repl-passwordfile=/run/secrets/pgsql_repl
      - --data-dir=/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - --cluster-name=stolon-cluster
      - --store-backend=etcdv3
      - --store-endpoints=http://etcd1:2379,http://etcd2:2379,http://etcd3:2379
    networks:
      - etcd
      - pgsql
    environment:
      - PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data
    volumes:
      - pgkeeper2:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    secrets:
      - pgsql
      - pgsql_repl
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints: [node.labels.nodename == node2]
  pgkeeper3:
    image: sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
    hostname: pgkeeper3
    command:
      - gosu
      - stolon 
      - stolon-keeper
      - --pg-listen-address=pgkeeper3
      - --pg-repl-username=replica
      - --uid=pgkeeper3
      - --pg-su-username=postgres
      - --pg-su-passwordfile=/run/secrets/pgsql
      - --pg-repl-passwordfile=/run/secrets/pgsql_repl
      - --data-dir=/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - --cluster-name=stolon-cluster
      - --store-backend=etcdv3
      - --store-endpoints=http://etcd1:2379,http://etcd2:2379,http://etcd3:2379
    networks:
      - etcd
      - pgsql
    environment:
      - PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data
    volumes:
      - pgkeeper3:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    secrets:
      - pgsql
      - pgsql_repl
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints: [node.labels.nodename == node3]
  postgresql:
    image: sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
    command: gosu stolon stolon-proxy --listen-address 0.0.0.0 --cluster-name stolon-cluster --store-backend=etcdv3 --store-endpoints http://etcd1:2379,http://etcd2:2379,http://etcd3:2379
    networks:
      - etcd
      - pgsql
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
      update_config:
        parallelism: 1
        delay: 30s
        order: stop-first
        failure_action: rollback

volumes:
  pgkeeper1:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/pgsql"
  pgkeeper2:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/pgsql"
  pgkeeper3:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/pgsql"

secrets:
  pgsql:
    file: "/srv/docker/postgres"
  pgsql_repl:
    file: "/srv/docker/replica"

networks:
  etcd:
    external: true
  pgsql:
    external: true


, :



# </dev/urandom tr -dc 234567890qwertyuopasdfghjkzxcvbnmQWERTYUPASDFGHKLZXCVBNM | head -c $(((RANDOM%3)+15)) > /srv/docker/replica
# </dev/urandom tr -dc 234567890qwertyuopasdfghjkzxcvbnmQWERTYUPASDFGHKLZXCVBNM | head -c $(((RANDOM%3)+15)) > /srv/docker/postgres
# docker stack deploy --compose-file 01pgsql.yml pgsql


( docker service ls, ) Postgresql:



# docker exec $(docker ps | awk '/pgkeeper/ {print $1}') stolonctl --cluster-name=stolon-cluster --store-backend=etcdv3 --store-endpoints=http://etcd1:2379,http://etcd2:2379,http://etcd3:2379 init


Postgresql:



# docker exec $(docker ps | awk '/pgkeeper/ {print $1}') stolonctl --cluster-name=stolon-cluster --store-backend=etcdv3 --store-endpoints=http://etcd1:2379,http://etcd2:2379,http://etcd3:2379 status
=== Active sentinels ===

ID      LEADER
26baa11d    false
74e98768    false
a8cb002b    true

=== Active proxies ===

ID
4d233826
9f562f3b
b0c79ff1

=== Keepers ===

UID     HEALTHY PG LISTENADDRESS    PG HEALTHY  PG WANTEDGENERATION PG CURRENTGENERATION
pgkeeper1   true    pgkeeper1:5432         true     2           2
pgkeeper2   true    pgkeeper2:5432          true            2                   2
pgkeeper3   true    pgkeeper3:5432          true            3                   3

=== Cluster Info ===

Master Keeper: pgkeeper3

===== Keepers/DB tree =====

pgkeeper3 (master)
├─pgkeeper2
└─pgkeeper1


traefik :



03traefik.yml 
version: '3.7'

services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:latest
    command: >
      --log.level=INFO
      --providers.docker=true
      --entryPoints.web.address=:80
      --providers.providersThrottleDuration=2
      --providers.docker.watch=true
      --providers.docker.swarmMode=true
      --providers.docker.swarmModeRefreshSeconds=15s
      --providers.docker.exposedbydefault=false
      --accessLog.bufferingSize=0
      --api=true
      --api.dashboard=true
      --api.insecure=true
    networks:
      - traefik
    ports:
      - 80:80
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
      placement:
        constraints:
          - node.role == manager
        preferences:
          - spread: node.id
      labels:
        - traefik.enable=true
        - traefik.http.routers.traefik.rule=Host(`traefik.example.com`)
        - traefik.http.services.traefik.loadbalancer.server.port=8080
        - traefik.docker.network=traefik

networks:
  traefik:
    external: true


# docker stack deploy --compose-file 03traefik.yml traefik


Redis Cluster, :



# mkdir -p /srv/redis


05redis.yml 
version: '3.7'

services:
  redis-master:
    image: 'bitnami/redis:latest'
    networks:
      - redis
    ports:
      - '6379:6379'
    environment:
      - REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE=master
      - REDIS_PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxxxx
    deploy:
      mode: global
      restart_policy:
        condition: any
    volumes:
      - 'redis:/opt/bitnami/redis/etc/'

  redis-replica:
    image: 'bitnami/redis:latest'
    networks:
      - redis
    ports:
      - '6379'
    depends_on:
      - redis-master
    environment:
      - REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE=slave
      - REDIS_MASTER_HOST=redis-master
      - REDIS_MASTER_PORT_NUMBER=6379
      - REDIS_MASTER_PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxxxx
      - REDIS_PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxxxx
    deploy:
      mode: replicated
      replicas: 3
      update_config:
        parallelism: 1
        delay: 10s
      restart_policy:
        condition: any

  redis-sentinel:
    image: 'bitnami/redis:latest'
    networks:
      - redis
    ports:
      - '16379'
    depends_on:
      - redis-master
      - redis-replica
    entrypoint: |
      bash -c 'bash -s <<EOF
      "/bin/bash" -c "cat <<EOF > /opt/bitnami/redis/etc/sentinel.conf
      port 16379
      dir /tmp
      sentinel monitor master-node redis-master 6379 2
      sentinel down-after-milliseconds master-node 5000
      sentinel parallel-syncs master-node 1
      sentinel failover-timeout master-node 5000
      sentinel auth-pass master-node xxxxxxxxxxx
      sentinel announce-ip redis-sentinel
      sentinel announce-port 16379
      EOF"
      "/bin/bash" -c "redis-sentinel /opt/bitnami/redis/etc/sentinel.conf"
      EOF'
    deploy:
      mode: global
      restart_policy:
        condition: any

volumes:
  redis:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: 'none'
      o: 'bind'
      device: "/srv/redis"

networks:
  redis:
    external: true


# docker stack deploy --compose-file 05redis.yml redis


Docker Registry:



06registry.yml 
version: '3.7'

services:
  registry:
    image: registry:2.6
    networks:
      - traefik
    volumes:
      - registry_data:/var/lib/registry
    deploy:
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints: [node.role == manager]
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
      labels:
        - traefik.enable=true
        - traefik.http.routers.registry.rule=Host(`registry.example.com`)
        - traefik.http.services.registry.loadbalancer.server.port=5000
        - traefik.docker.network=traefik

volumes:
  registry_data:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/docker/registry"

networks:
  traefik:
    external: true


# mkdir /srv/docker/registry
# docker stack deploy --compose-file 06registry.yml registry


— GitLab:



08gitlab-runner.yml 
version: '3.7'

services:
  gitlab:
    image: gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
    networks:
      - pgsql
      - redis
      - traefik
      - gitlab
    ports:
      - 22222:22
    environment:
      GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
        postgresql['enable'] = false
        redis['enable'] = false
        gitlab_rails['registry_enabled'] = false
        gitlab_rails['db_username'] = "gitlab"
        gitlab_rails['db_password'] = "XXXXXXXXXXX"
        gitlab_rails['db_host'] = "postgresql"
        gitlab_rails['db_port'] = "5432"
        gitlab_rails['db_database'] = "gitlab"
        gitlab_rails['db_adapter'] = 'postgresql'
        gitlab_rails['db_encoding'] = 'utf8'
        gitlab_rails['redis_host'] = 'redis-master'
        gitlab_rails['redis_port'] = '6379'
        gitlab_rails['redis_password'] = 'xxxxxxxxxxx'
        gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
        gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.yandex.ru"
        gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
        gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "noreply@example.com"
        gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "xxxxxxxxx"
        gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "example.com"
        gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = 'noreply@example.com'
        gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
        gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true
        gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
        gitlab_rails['smtp_openssl_verify_mode'] = 'peer'
        external_url 'http://gitlab.example.com/'
        gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 22222
    volumes:
      - gitlab_conf:/etc/gitlab
      - gitlab_logs:/var/log/gitlab
      - gitlab_data:/var/opt/gitlab
    deploy:
      mode: replicated
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints:
        - node.role == manager
      labels:
        - traefik.enable=true
        - traefik.http.routers.gitlab.rule=Host(`gitlab.example.com`)
        - traefik.http.services.gitlab.loadbalancer.server.port=80
        - traefik.docker.network=traefik
  gitlab-runner:
    image: gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest
    networks:
      - gitlab
    volumes:
      - gitlab_runner_conf:/etc/gitlab
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
    deploy:
      mode: replicated
      replicas: 1
      placement:
        constraints:
        - node.role == manager

volumes:
  gitlab_conf:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/docker/gitlab/conf"
  gitlab_logs:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/docker/gitlab/logs"
  gitlab_data:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/docker/gitlab/data"
  gitlab_runner_conf:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
      device: "/srv/docker/gitlab/runner"

networks:
  pgsql:
    external: true
  redis:
    external: true
  traefik:
    external: true
  gitlab:
    external: true


# mkdir -p /srv/docker/gitlab/conf
# mkdir -p /srv/docker/gitlab/logs
# mkdir -p /srv/docker/gitlab/data
# mkdir -p /srv/docker/gitlab/runner
# docker stack deploy --compose-file 08gitlab-runner.yml gitlab


:



# docker service ls
ID                  NAME                   MODE                REPLICAS            IMAGE                          PORTS
lef9n3m92buq        etcd_etcd1             replicated          1/1                 quay.io/coreos/etcd:latest
ij6uyyo792x5        etcd_etcd2             replicated          1/1                 quay.io/coreos/etcd:latest
fqttqpjgp6pp        etcd_etcd3             replicated          1/1                 quay.io/coreos/etcd:latest
hq5iyga28w33        gitlab_gitlab          replicated          1/1                 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest        *:22222->22/tcp
dt7s6vs0q4qc        gitlab_gitlab-runner   replicated          1/1                 gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest
k7uoezno0h9n        pgsql_pgkeeper1        replicated          1/1                 sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
cnrwul4r4nse        pgsql_pgkeeper2        replicated          1/1                 sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
frflfnpty7tr        pgsql_pgkeeper3        replicated          1/1                 sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
x7pqqchi52kq        pgsql_pgsentinel       replicated          3/3                 sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
mwu2wl8fti4r        pgsql_postgresql       replicated          3/3                 sorintlab/stolon:master-pg10
9hkbe2vksbzb        redis_redis-master     global              3/3                 bitnami/redis:latest           *:6379->6379/tcp
l88zn8cla7dc        redis_redis-replica    replicated          3/3                 bitnami/redis:latest           *:30003->6379/tcp
1utp309xfmsy        redis_redis-sentinel   global              3/3                 bitnami/redis:latest           *:30002->16379/tcp
oteb824ylhyp        registry_registry      replicated          1/1                 registry:2.6
qovrah8nzzu8        traefik_traefik        replicated          3/3                 traefik:latest                 *:80->80/tcp, *:443->443/tcp


? Traefik https, tls Postgresql Redis. PoC. Docker.



Podman



engine , (pods, , ). Docker - , libpod. Go, OCI- runtime , runC.





Podman Docker, , ( , ):



$ alias docker=podman


. Podman , Kubernetes Docker, 2015 , (OCI — Open Container Initiative) Docker containerd runC, Docker Kubernetes: CRI-O. Podman Docker, Kubernetes, , — Docker . swarm mode, , — Kubernetes.





Centos 7 Extras, :



# yum -y install podman




Podman systemd, . systemd pid 1 . buildah, — docker-compose, , Kubernetes, Podman Kubernetes .



Podman



swarm mode ( Kubernetes, ) — .



podman-compose:



# yum -y install python3-pip
# pip3 install podman-compose


podman , volumes .



gitlab-podman.yml 
version: '3.7'

services:
  gitlab:
    image: gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
    hostname: gitlab.example.com
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
        gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 22222
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "22222:22"
    volumes:
      - /srv/podman/gitlab/conf:/etc/gitlab
      - /srv/podman/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab
      - /srv/podman/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab
    networks:
      - gitlab

  gitlab-runner:
    image: gitlab/gitlab-runner:alpine
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
      - gitlab
    volumes:
      - /srv/podman/gitlab/runner:/etc/gitlab-runner
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
    networks:
      - gitlab

networks:
  gitlab:


# podman-compose -f gitlab-runner.yml -d up


:



# podman ps
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                                  COMMAND               CREATED             STATUS                 PORTS                                      NAMES
da53da946c01  docker.io/gitlab/gitlab-runner:alpine  run --user=gitlab...  About a minute ago  Up About a minute ago  0.0.0.0:22222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp  root_gitlab-runner_1
781c0103c94a  docker.io/gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest      /assets/wrapper       About a minute ago  Up About a minute ago  0.0.0.0:22222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp  root_gitlab_1


, systemd kubernetes, id :



# podman pod ls
POD ID         NAME   STATUS    CREATED          # OF CONTAINERS   INFRA ID
71fc2b2a5c63   root   Running   11 minutes ago   3                 db40ab8bf84b


Kubernetes: 
# podman generate kube 71fc2b2a5c63
# Generation of Kubernetes YAML is still under development!
#
# Save the output of this file and use kubectl create -f to import
# it into Kubernetes.
#
# Created with podman-1.6.4
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2020-07-29T19:22:40Z"
  labels:
    app: root
  name: root
spec:
  containers:
  - command:
    - /assets/wrapper
    env:
    - name: PATH
      value: /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin:/opt/gitlab/bin:/assets:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
    - name: TERM
      value: xterm
    - name: HOSTNAME
      value: gitlab.example.com
    - name: container
      value: podman
    - name: GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG
      value: |
        gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 22222
    - name: LANG
      value: C.UTF-8
    image: docker.io/gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
    name: rootgitlab1
    ports:
    - containerPort: 22
      hostPort: 22222
      protocol: TCP
    - containerPort: 80
      hostPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    resources: {}
    securityContext:
      allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
      capabilities: {}
      privileged: false
      readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /var/opt/gitlab
      name: srv-podman-gitlab-data
    - mountPath: /var/log/gitlab
      name: srv-podman-gitlab-logs
    - mountPath: /etc/gitlab
      name: srv-podman-gitlab-conf
    workingDir: /
  - command:
    - run
    - --user=gitlab-runner
    - --working-directory=/home/gitlab-runner
    env:
    - name: PATH
      value: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
    - name: TERM
      value: xterm
    - name: HOSTNAME
    - name: container
      value: podman
    image: docker.io/gitlab/gitlab-runner:alpine
    name: rootgitlab-runner1
    resources: {}
    securityContext:
      allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
      capabilities: {}
      privileged: false
      readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /etc/gitlab-runner
      name: srv-podman-gitlab-runner
    - mountPath: /var/run/docker.sock
      name: var-run-docker.sock
    workingDir: /
  volumes:
  - hostPath:
      path: /srv/podman/gitlab/runner
      type: Directory
    name: srv-podman-gitlab-runner
  - hostPath:
      path: /var/run/docker.sock
      type: File
    name: var-run-docker.sock
  - hostPath:
      path: /srv/podman/gitlab/data
      type: Directory
    name: srv-podman-gitlab-data
  - hostPath:
      path: /srv/podman/gitlab/logs
      type: Directory
    name: srv-podman-gitlab-logs
  - hostPath:
      path: /srv/podman/gitlab/conf
      type: Directory
    name: srv-podman-gitlab-conf
status: {}


Systemd: 
# podman generate systemd 71fc2b2a5c63
# pod-71fc2b2a5c6346f0c1c86a2dc45dbe78fa192ea02aac001eb8347ccb8c043c26.service
# autogenerated by Podman 1.6.4
# Thu Jul 29 15:23:28 EDT 2020

[Unit]
Description=Podman pod-71fc2b2a5c6346f0c1c86a2dc45dbe78fa192ea02aac001eb8347ccb8c043c26.service
Documentation=man:podman-generate-systemd(1)
Requires=container-781c0103c94aaa113c17c58d05ddabf8df4bf39707b664abcf17ed2ceff467d3.service container-da53da946c01449f500aa5296d9ea6376f751948b17ca164df438b7df6607864.service
Before=container-781c0103c94aaa113c17c58d05ddabf8df4bf39707b664abcf17ed2ceff467d3.service container-da53da946c01449f500aa5296d9ea6376f751948b17ca164df438b7df6607864.service

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/bin/podman start db40ab8bf84bf35141159c26cb6e256b889c7a98c0418eee3c4aa683c14fccaa
ExecStop=/usr/bin/podman stop -t 10 db40ab8bf84bf35141159c26cb6e256b889c7a98c0418eee3c4aa683c14fccaa
KillMode=none
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/db40ab8bf84bf35141159c26cb6e256b889c7a98c0418eee3c4aa683c14fccaa/userdata/conmon.pid

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# container-da53da946c01449f500aa5296d9ea6376f751948b17ca164df438b7df6607864.service
# autogenerated by Podman 1.6.4
# Thu Jul 29 15:23:28 EDT 2020

[Unit]
Description=Podman container-da53da946c01449f500aa5296d9ea6376f751948b17ca164df438b7df6607864.service
Documentation=man:podman-generate-systemd(1)
RefuseManualStart=yes
RefuseManualStop=yes
BindsTo=pod-71fc2b2a5c6346f0c1c86a2dc45dbe78fa192ea02aac001eb8347ccb8c043c26.service
After=pod-71fc2b2a5c6346f0c1c86a2dc45dbe78fa192ea02aac001eb8347ccb8c043c26.service

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/bin/podman start da53da946c01449f500aa5296d9ea6376f751948b17ca164df438b7df6607864
ExecStop=/usr/bin/podman stop -t 10 da53da946c01449f500aa5296d9ea6376f751948b17ca164df438b7df6607864
KillMode=none
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/da53da946c01449f500aa5296d9ea6376f751948b17ca164df438b7df6607864/userdata/conmon.pid

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# container-781c0103c94aaa113c17c58d05ddabf8df4bf39707b664abcf17ed2ceff467d3.service
# autogenerated by Podman 1.6.4
# Thu Jul 29 15:23:28 EDT 2020

[Unit]
Description=Podman container-781c0103c94aaa113c17c58d05ddabf8df4bf39707b664abcf17ed2ceff467d3.service
Documentation=man:podman-generate-systemd(1)
RefuseManualStart=yes
RefuseManualStop=yes
BindsTo=pod-71fc2b2a5c6346f0c1c86a2dc45dbe78fa192ea02aac001eb8347ccb8c043c26.service
After=pod-71fc2b2a5c6346f0c1c86a2dc45dbe78fa192ea02aac001eb8347ccb8c043c26.service

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/bin/podman start 781c0103c94aaa113c17c58d05ddabf8df4bf39707b664abcf17ed2ceff467d3
ExecStop=/usr/bin/podman stop -t 10 781c0103c94aaa113c17c58d05ddabf8df4bf39707b664abcf17ed2ceff467d3
KillMode=none
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/781c0103c94aaa113c17c58d05ddabf8df4bf39707b664abcf17ed2ceff467d3/userdata/conmon.pid

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target


systemd ( ), .



Podman , , , docker-compose, Kubernetes, , Docker.



rkt



- , RedHat, . , Docker Podman . CoreOS, rkt ( Docker), RedHat.



Plash



, . — , , .





Kubernetes : Docker ( swarm mode), , (3-5 ), , Kubernetes .



Podman , — Kubernetes, (buildah ). : , — Docker ( swarm mode), localhost — Podman , — Kubernetes.



, Docker , - , , Podman ( Linux, , — ) , .



P.S. 3 « Docker», . : , . , Docker. best practice .



: 5000 . « Docker» .



More articles:


All Articles